Professional Engineering Services for PFAS Compliance Nanofiltration Treatment

WATER TREATMENT
FACILITIES MASTER PLAN
The City of Temple Terrace
May 12, 2026

PREPARED FOR: FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:
Jason Warrenfeltz Ed Talton, PE
Public Works Director Client Service Director
The City of Temple Terrace Cell: (407) 789-1892
11250 N 56th St ETalton@chasolutions.com
Temple Terrace, FL 33617

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
HISTORY
CHA is engineering support hired by the City
in 2024 to complete a water treatment
master plan to provide the U(cid:415)lity with a
framework for needed capital and process
improvements.
2025 PFAS SAMPLING
In response to the Environmental Protec(cid:415)on
Agencies (EPA) Unregulated Contaminant
Monitoring Requirement-5 (UCMR5) and
the upcoming 2031 EPA compliance BACKGROUND
deadline proposed for the regula(cid:415)on of
Temple Terrace U(cid:415)li(cid:415)es Water Division
PFAS, the U(cid:415)lity commissioned CHA to
maintains and operates the City's two
perform an addi(cid:415)onal, concurrent analysis
potable Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) -
to determine most appropriate mi(cid:415)ga(cid:415)on
Sunningdale and Whiteway - that provide
method for PFAS.
reliable, high-quality potable water service
TREATMENT MASTER PLAN to over 30,000 Temple Terrace residents.
CHA conducted an examina(cid:415)on of WTP SUPPLY
construc(cid:415)on as-builts, interviewed City staff,
Established in the 1920's, the City's potable
conducted site inspec(cid:415)ons, ran PILOT
water system has grown and evolved to
treatment systems both at Whiteway WTP
include produc(cid:415)ve Upper Floridan aquifer
and at UCF, researched comparable plant
well fields supplying the City's two WTPs,
size produc(cid:415)on and filtra(cid:415)on technologies,
two remote storage and repump sta(cid:415)ons
produced cost es(cid:415)mates and inves(cid:415)gated
and extensive distribu(cid:415)on system. The City
alterna(cid:415)ve funding op(cid:415)ons as part of its
draws water from the Upper Floridan
work. The findings of these ac(cid:415)vi(cid:415)es inform
Aquifer through 10 produc(cid:415)on wells; this
this report.
master plan's focus is the two WTPs and
PLANNING RESULTS their supply.
Based on the findings, CHA developed a 20-
year approach for Temple Terrace U(cid:415)li(cid:415)es to
phase in the various elements of their
proposed work program in a manner that
takes into account the WTP's physical plant
capacity and that of City staff and is
conscious of spreading the costs over (cid:415)me.
Temple Terrace PFAS
Pilot Plant at Whiteway
WTP
ES-1

MASTER PLANNING PROCESS
WATER SUPPLY & TREATMENT
The City's Whiteway and Sunningdale Water
Treatment Plants (WTPs) and supply wells
.
were evaluated for needed improvements
to con(cid:415)nue to reliably deliver potable water
to City customers for now and the future.
Whiteway WTP
IDENTIFY CITY QUALITY GOALS
PRIORITIZE AND BUDGET
In addi(cid:415)on to mee(cid:415)ng current State and
CHA assisted the City to develop a Water
Federal drinking water regula(cid:415)ons:
Treatment Facili(cid:415)es Master Plan (Master
Reduce calcium hardness to <150 mg/l
Reduce PFAS to below EPA limits Plan) to evaluate the physical condi(cid:415)on and
Enable removal of future contaminants treatment process performance of both
WTPs to renew and improve, budge(cid:415)ng
DEFINE/PRIORITIZE WTP NEEDS
future capital needs.
Onsite inspec(cid:415)ons, full WTP facility renewal
FUNDING TO MINIMIZE RATES
and treatment process evalua(cid:415)ons were
performed in concert with City staff to Source water tes(cid:415)ng per EPA's Unregulated
iden(cid:415)fy and priori(cid:415)ze major needs: Contaminant Monitoring Rule 5 revealed
Increase WTP reliability the presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl
Renew aged WTP components (PFAS) species. The Na(cid:415)onal Primary
Reduce calcium hardness
Drinking Water Regula(cid:415)on PFAS compliance
Meet EPA future PFAS compliance date
date is currently set for April 2029, but the
EVALUATE OPTIONS EPA has proposed an extension to 2031.
1. Non-treatment op(cid:415)ons DEVELOP RENEWAL PLAN
2. Upgrade exis(cid:415)ng-no PFAS removal
Address cri(cid:415)cal WTP renewal needs and
3. Add Adsorp(cid:415)ve PFAS removal
meet PFAS regula(cid:415)ons by year 2031:
4. Add Nanofiltra(cid:415)on + Concentrate
1. Coordinate with Local Regulators
5. Convert Sunningdale to Booster Pump
2. Funding plan ac(cid:415)ons
3. Organize into 4 Construc(cid:415)on Projects
SELECT THE BEST OPTIONS
4. Refine PFAS Disposal/Destruct plan
Compare alterna(cid:415)ves on a capital, opera(cid:415)ng
5. Prepare site for new NF treatment
and life cycle ($/1,000 gallon) cost basis. 6. Design, pre-purchase, bid, construct
ES-2

WATER TREATMENT PLANT PHYSICAL CONDITION
WTP RELIABILITY AND RISK
WTP components (pumps, tanks, mixers,
blowers, injec(cid:415)on systems, and controls)
experience predictable deteriora(cid:415)on,
occasional sudden failures and gradual
obsolescence. WTPs need high-reliability
and effec(cid:415)ve serviceability requiring:
Condi(cid:415)on-ra(cid:415)ngs and service status
Risk of failure and renewal costs
Deteriora(cid:415)on forecast curves
Proac(cid:415)ve renewal budge(cid:415)ng
FACING END OF SERVICE LIFE
PRIORITIZING RENEWAL
Both the City's WTPs are nearing the end of
service life, having supplied the City with Water treatment plant component physical
clean water for 40+ years. Whiteway's condi(cid:415)on was evaluated and ranked to
so(cid:332)ening process cannot meet hardness
priori(cid:415)ze replacement/renewal:
goals with reliability issues. Both WTPs
1. Electric power feed/looping/grounding
currently have higher-than-acceptable risks
2. Motor control centers
and need extensive rehabilita(cid:415)on.
3. Mechanical equipment
SUNNINGDALE CONVERSION 4. Replace so(cid:332)eners with new process
While adding NF treatment to Sunningdale
was considered, the site area is small with Whiteway WTP
Critical Needs
significant logis(cid:415)cal, capital and opera(cid:415)ng
cost advantages to consolida(cid:415)ng treatment
at Whiteway. To consolidate treatment, it is
recommended to convert Sunningdale WTP
to booster pumping and increasing
Whiteway WTP from 5 to 6 MGD capacity.
Conversion includes conversion/demo, well
transfer and distribu(cid:415)on capacity increase.
WHITEWAY RENEWAL COST
WTP RENEWAL BUDGETING
The City is facing at $30M+ to just renew its
WTPs without considering PFAS removal. This master plan iden(cid:415)fied plant component
Major cost items include replacement of by-component needs priori(cid:415)zed by risk of
process equipment (lime so(cid:332)ening, chlori- and consequence of failure. The resul(cid:415)ng
na(cid:415)on) and refurbishment of electrical, year-by-year renewal costs were es(cid:415)mated
plant controls, structural and demoli(cid:415)on. to help facilitate City budget upgrades.
ES-3

MEETING PFAS AND HARDNESS GOALS
PFAS REMOVAL NEEDED
City supply well tes(cid:415)ng per EPA's Na(cid:415)onal
Primary Drinking Water Regula(cid:415)ons
revealed the presence of per- and poly-
fluoroalkyl (PFAS) species. PFAS is nearly
ubiquitous globally and na(cid:415)onally and
contaminated the City's supply wells, due to
extensive use as fire retardant and water
repellant in firefigh(cid:415)ng, carpets, clothing,
Water Quality Whiteway Sunningdale
cookware, wearables, etc. MCL MCLG
Parameter May 2025 May 2025
PFAS TREATMENT TESTING PFOA 4 0 8.7 7.7
PFOS 4 0 19 16
Bench and pilot scale tes(cid:415)ng was performed
PFHxS 10 10 8.2 8.6
to assess treatment systems to comply with PFNA 10 10 < 3.7 < 4.1
HFPO-DA (Gen-X) 10 10 < 4.6 < 5.2
PFAS limits. Granular ac(cid:415)vated carbon (GAC)
PFBS - - 12.2 9.2
and ion exchange (IX) media tes(cid:415)ng Hazard Index 1 1 0.92 0.96
All units in ppt, except Hazard Index (calculated, unitless).
indicated inefficient PFAS removal due to
HARDNESS PROCESS DECISION
high media changeouts and opera(cid:415)ng costs.
NF has the capability to remove nearly all
ALTERNATIVES EVALUATED
PFAS and is highly effec(cid:415)ve so(cid:332)ening Florida
Baseline - No PFAS Removal groundwater. NF is marginally more costly
Non-treatment - Bulk purchase from
than lime so(cid:332)ening but can remove PFAS
neighboring u(cid:415)li(cid:415)es or new City wells
and future unregulated contaminants.
Full treatment - so(cid:332)ening + PFAS
PFAS Disposal/Destruc(cid:415)on NON-TREATMENT OPTIONS
ALTERNATIVES CONCLUSIONS New City wells and supply from adjacent
u(cid:415)li(cid:415)es were considered. Interconnec(cid:415)on
$36.5M capital to renew WTPs, no PFAS
removal with neighboring systems (City of Tampa
NF so(cid:332)ening cost is equivalent to Lime and Hillsborough County) was evaluated at
so(cid:332)ening replacement cost and a planning level. Interconnect op(cid:415)ons
provides PFAS removal
present significant constraints, including
NF selected for so(cid:332)ening and PFAS
limited available capacity from regional
removal capabili(cid:415)es
suppliers, complex interagency agreements,
PFAS PROCESS DECISION
and substan(cid:415)al infrastructure costs in the
Bench scale tes(cid:415)ng for nanofiltra(cid:415)on (NF), $30M or more range. With the highest life
technology that treats hardness and PFAS, cycle costs, risks and complexity, inter-
showed promising results mee(cid:415)ng the City's connec(cid:415)on is not considered prac(cid:415)cal or
treatment goals. NF also removed smaller cost-effec(cid:415)ve compared to improvements
chain PFAS present that GAC/IX could not. within the City's exis(cid:415)ng system.
ES-4