REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL UPGRADES – CAMPUS WIDE

DNV ENERGY INSIGHTS USA INC.
SCOPING AUDIT REPORT FOR
Woodbridge Fire Department
Woodbridge, CT
6/4/26
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Scoping Energy Audit Report
Woodbridge Fire Department
To: Gary Pattavina (UI), Mica Cardozo and Brad Parsons (Town of Woodbridge)
Date: 6/4/2026
Site Visit Date: May 21, 2026
1. Woodbridge Fire Department 100 Center Rd, Woodbridge, CT 06525
DNV 1 Scoping Energy Audit Report

Table of Contents
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 3
2 PRELIMINARY ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ...................................................................................... 3
3 FACILITY DESCRIPTION AND HVAC REVIEW .............................................................................................. 4
4 UTILITY BILLING HISTORY AND BENCHMARKING ...................................................................................... 5
5 ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES ................................................................................................................ 7
6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONAL MEASURES AND SITE FINDINGS .............................................................. 8
7 NEXT STEPS .................................................................................................................................................... 8
8 PHOTOS ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
DNV 2 Scoping Energy Audit Report

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report details the findings and recommendations of a scoping energy audit conducted at Woodbridge Fire Department
at 100 Center Rd, Woodbridge, CT, as part of an initiative developed by United Illuminating (UI). Olivia Sutterby with DNV
conducted the energy audit of this facility. The primary focus of this scoping audit was to find energy efficiency opportunities
to decrease energy consumption and promote decarbonization. This project was funded by UI.
The following key staff members were involved in this effort:
* Brad Parsons, Building Maintenance, bparsons@woodbridgect.gov, 203-627-2288, Town of Woodbridge
* Bob Hauser, Building Maintenance, rhauser@woodbridgect.gov, Town of Woodbridge
* Olivia Sutterby, Building Auditor, Olivia.Sutterby@dnv.com, 860-780-2829, DNV
2 PRELIMINARY ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Table 1 presents the summary of the potential energy efficiency measures (EEMs) identified during the site visit at the
facility. Please note that both the energy savings and payback range for these measures are preliminary, as they are based
on DNV's high-level investigation of these systems, prior experience, and engineering estimates. Paybacks are estimated
based on full replacement cost without incentive. Factoring in incremental cost of replacing equipment at or near the end of
their useful life and measure incentives would reduce these paybacks for applicable measures. DNV calculated the annual
cost savings based on a blended utility rate based on facility electricity and gas bills. The electricity rate used below is
$0.204/kWh and gas rate is $1.91/ccf.
Table 1. Energy Efficiency Measure Summary
Annual Annual Annual Estimated
Demand
Electric Gas Cost Simple
EEM Reduction
Savings Savings Savings Payback
(kW)
(kWh) (ccf) ($/yr) Range
Insulation of Hot Water Piping - - 460 $880 0-2 years
Occupancy Lighting Controls 6,500 1.6 - $1,300 3-5 years
Building Management System Replacement
90,100 10.3 35,300 $85,800 1-2 years
or Restoration
Total 96,600 11.9 35,760 $87,980
DNV 3 Scoping Energy Audit Report

3 FACILITY DESCRIPTION AND HVAC REVIEW
Woodbridge Fire Department, located at 100 Center Rd in Woodbridge, Connecticut, is a two-story volunteer fire department
with a basement. The 10,542 ft2 building was originally constructed in 2008 and is made of a wood frame construction with
vinyl siding. The building has three different roof types including a metal roof over the fire engine bays, and a mix of a flat
roof and a gable roof over the office area. The windows are double pane throughout, the doors have sufficient
weatherstripping, and the attic is well insulated. There are several spaces within the building including the fire engine bays,
offices, meeting rooms, locker rooms, and a kitchen. The fire engine area has five double bays, and the overhead bay door
seals are in good condition. The fire department operates year-round and is staffed 24 hours per day, 7 days per week.
The facility has two Smith 19A Series natural gas-fired, hot water boilers that serve both space heating and domestic hot
water (DHW). The boilers are configured in a lead-lag arrangement. We located a combustion test report from December
2025 that shows the boilers have an efficiency of approximately 84%. Heating hot water is distributed from the boiler via two
main 1.5 HP pumps with VFDs to several air handling units (AHUs), rooftop units (RTUs), and a radiant floor system for the
fire engine bays. We observed one of the VFD for pump 1 to have a motor over temperature fault. We found most of the hot
water piping to be well insulated except for piping serving the radiant floor system, which we found to be uninsulated. Hot
water from the boilers is also distributed to one Thermo 2000 Turbomax 65 indirect, semi-instantaneous, DHW heater with
72 gallons of storage and serves restroom sinks, kitchen sinks, and several locker room showers. One of the two Smith
boilers runs year-round to supply hot water to the indirect DHW heater.
There are four RTUs that serve common spaces throughout the building that are served by the boiler and have DX cooling.
There is make-up air unit (MAU) on the roof that serves the fire engineer bays and has natural-gas fired heating and no
cooling. The MAU is interlocked with the fire engine bay doors to turn on when the doors open in the winter. There is also
one Daikin split unit that serves the IT room, and one Carrier split unit that serves the oxygen tank room.
There are two backup generators for the facility. One large diesel generator serves the whole building, while a smaller gas
fired generator is a backup that serves only the critical equipment.
For the main kitchen space on the 2nd floor, there are two Viking professional, gas-fired ranges that sit under an exhaust
hood, as well as one large Viking professional refrigerator. There is a break room on the 1st floor with one standard
residential size GE refrigerator. The facility also has a laundry room that has two Speed Queen clothes washing machines
and two Speed Queen natural-gas fired clothes dryers.
The HVAC equipment is controlled by a Staefa Controls Talon/Raptor (older Siemens) building management system (BMS).
There are no thermostats located in the building for manual adjustments. We were unable to access the BMS during the site
visit, but the maintenance staff reported that the system is currently down and in poor condition. The HVAC equipment
currently runs 24/7 without any temperature setbacks due to the condition of the BMS.
The facility's interior and exterior lighting has all been converted to LED fixtures with manual switches. We observed several
spaces at the facility that could benefit from occupancy sensors.
Photo 1. Street View of Woodbridge Fire Department
DNV 4 Scoping Energy Audit Report

4 UTILITY BILLING HISTORY AND BENCHMARKING
The information below summarizes the gas and electric utility consumption at the facility along with benchmarking data that
compares this building to similar building types in the country. Table 2 shows the 2025 annual utility consumption as well as
the site energy use intensity (EUI) compared to ENERGY STAR average values for similar buildings. Figure 1 shows the
2024 through 2026 annual electric consumption along with the weather normalized usage and cooling degree days (CDD).
Figure 2 shows the 2024 through 2026 annual natural consumption along with the weather normalized usage and heating
degree days (HDD).
Figure 2 also shows a large increase in the natural gas consumption starting in 2026. This increase may be due to the BMS
currently being down and all of the equipment running 24/7. If the BMS is not operating, the hot water valves serving the
RTUs may be stuck fully open which is causing a high heating load.
Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the energy costs by source and the utility end use by kBtu, respectively. The electricity
consumption accounts for 65% of the costs and 37% of the total site energy usage, while natural gas accounts for 35% of
the costs and 63% of the total site energy usage.
Table 2. Annual Utility Consumption
2025 Annual Electric 2025 Annual Natural Gas 2025 Annual Site EUI Benchmark EUI *
Consumption (kWh) Consumption (ccf) (kBtu/sf/yr) (kBtu/sf/yr)
228,560 13,154 202.5 63.5
*Energy Star median energy use intensity for Fire Station in US (data comes from U.S. National Median Reference Values
for All Portfolio Manager Property Types)
Figure 1. Actual and Normalized Electric Consumption
30,000 1,200
25,000 1,000
20,000 800
15,000 600
10,000 400
5,000 200
0 0
DNV 5 Scoping Energy Audit Report
hWk
,noitpmusnoC
cirtcelE
DDC
2024 2025 2026 Normalized Usage TMY CDD

Figure 2. Actual and Normalized Gas Consumption
9,000 1000
8,000 900
800
7,000
700
6,000
600
5,000
500
4,000
400
3,000
300
2,000
200
1,000 100
0 0
Figure 3. Energy Costs by Source
DNV 6 Scoping Energy Audit Report
fcc
,egasU
saG
larutaN
DDH
2024 2025 2026 Normalized Usage Average HDD
Natural Gas, 35%
Electricity, 65%
Electricity Natural Gas

Figure 4. Utility End Use by kBtu
Electricity, 37%
Natural Gas, 63%
Electricity Natural Gas
5 ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
The following list describes the energy efficiency measures that we identified during our energy audit sorted based on
shortest to longest estimated simple payback period. Paybacks are estimated based on full replacement cost without
incentive. Factoring in incremental cost of replacing equipment at or near the end of their useful life and measure incentives
would reduce these paybacks for applicable measures. Relevant photos from our site visit are included in Section 8.
Short Payback Measures (estimated less than 8 years)
* Insulate hot water piping. We found that there is 2-3" diameter copper hot water piping in the penthouse boiler room
that is uninsulated, and the hot water was found to have a temperature of about 180 degreesF. This system serves the
radiant floor heat for the fire engine bays. We recommend that the piping is properly insulated to reduce energy
loss from the system.
* Install lighting controls. We found several areas during the site walk through where lights were left on, but there
were no occupants in the space. Occupancy-based lighting controls should be installed in all areas that are
practical including office spaces, the kitchen, the basement gym, and others.
* Replace or restore proper operation of the building management system (BMS). We were not able to assess the
existing BMS during the site visit, but facility staff reported it is currently not operating properly, and all of the HVAC
equipment is on 24/7. We recommend the BMS be restored or replaced with a new system. A new system would
provide centralized control of all HVAC equipment, including accurate monitoring and modulation of temperature
setpoints, valves, dampers, pumps, and fan systems. The project should also include inspection of all actuators,
sensors, and control devices to confirm they are working and within calibration. If they are found to be at the end of
their life or unreliable, they should be replaced with new digital components to ensure reliable, accurate operation.
The savings for this measure assume the large increase in gas consumption can be reduced to the
o
weather normalized values as a result of it operating properly.
This measure should also include repairing the VFD for pump 1 which currently has a motor over
o
temperature fault.
DNV 7 Scoping Energy Audit Report

It appears that the radiant floor heating system has a hot water temperature of 180 degreesF which is very high.
o
We recommend the temperature to be reduced to about 100 to 120 degreesF and controlled with an outdoor air
temperature reset strategy.
6 ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONAL MEASURES AND SITE FINDINGS
DNV noted the following additional informational measures and site findings outside of officially recommended measures:
* The back of the fire engine bay roof is southern facing and could be a good candidate for solar panel installation.
Assuming the metal roof has about 4,000 sqft of available space, a 40 kW-DC solar photovoltaic system could be
installed, producing approximately 40,000-48,000 kWh per year.
* The facility has gas-fired hot water boilers that provides space heating and DHW. When the boilers approach their
end of useful life or fail, we recommend the facility evaluate the economics and emission savings of installing air
source heat pumps to heat and cool the facility, along with a heat pump hot water heater to provide DHW to the
facility. Heat pumps have efficiencies ranging between 200-300%, while the currently installed boilers have an
efficiency between 80-85%. Heat pumps will also provide emission savings.
7 NEXT STEPS
There are several recommended actions resulting from this study.
* We recommend that the facility management review this report and select measures to pursue for implementation.
* For the measures selected for implementation, we recommend securing quotes from trusted contractors. United
Illuminating and DNV is available to support follow-up project implementation decision making process.
* For measures finally selected for implementation, ensure coordination with the Energize Connecticut programs to
maximize the available incentives. Typically, the more comprehensive the project, involving multiple end uses, the
higher percentage of incentive the utility will provide.
DNV 8 Scoping Energy Audit Report