Problem Description: Structures are a critical component of the transportation network. As they age,
deteriorate, and approach or exceed their operational capacities, effective condition assessment becomes
increasingly vital. Inspections play a central role in identifying rehabilitation needs, monitoring
deterioration, and ensuring safety and long-term performance. Over the past several decades,
nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies have emerged as alternative tools for structural inspection.
These methods may offer safer and more efficient alternatives for assessing structural integrity, possibly
reducing the time required to detect, analyze, and diagnose a wide range of concerns. While NDT
technologies have numerous applications for structural inspections, SDDOT has identified two primary
areas where these technologies could offer the greatest benefit during inspections.
The first area is the detection of voids adjacent to buried structures. These voids typically form due to soil
erosion, settlement, and water movement through the backfill material surrounding the structure. If left
unchecked, they can migrate upward into the roadway base course and surfacing, creating the potential
for catastrophic traffic incidents such as sinkhole formation or wheel punch-through. Currently, there is no
reliable inspection methods available to quantify the void volume or determine the extent of upward
migration toward the roadway surface. Furthermore, many small structures on the SDDOT system are not
routinely inspected, meaning voids often go undetected until problems arise. A network-level inspection
tool could help identify these issues early and prevent potentially devastating incidents.
The second area is the detection of deck delamination. Traditionally, SDDOT bridge inspectors have
supplemented visual inspections with manual techniques such as chain dragging and hammer sounding.
While these methods are often considered the “gold standard” for accuracy, chain dragging can be
subjective, especially for less experienced inspectors. In high-traffic areas, it can be difficult to distinguish
subtle differences in sound, and inspectors are exposed to hazardous traffic conditions for extended
periods.
SDDOT is interested in exploring additional NDT applications for structural inspection as well; however, the
previously discussed concerns remain the highest priority. There may be the potential for a single NDT
technology to address multiple inspection challenges. This could improve efficiency and reduce costs. For
all applications presented, SDDOT seeks guidance on selecting NDT methods that can assess structural
conditions both on a network-wide basis and for individual projects. These methods should complement
traditional inspections and provide engineers with better data for short and long-term planning.
Although substantial research exists on individual NDT techniques, uncertainties remain regarding their
defect-detection capabilities and the reliability of collected data. These challenges complicate adoption
decisions and lead to variability in how agencies apply NDT in the field. This study aims to clarify how,
when, and where State DOTs employ NDT methods for highway structure inspection. The objective is to
understand current practices, available technologies, identify gaps, and determine which NDT technologies
will provide the greatest benefit to the agency’s inspection program.
Proposal Deadline: Proposals are due to the SDDOT by 5:00 pm CDT on Thursday, March 19, 2026. This
deadline is firm. Extensions will not be granted.
Proposals must be submitted as an e-mail attachment in Portable Document Format (PDF) not exceeding
14MB. The email must be addressed to andy.vandel@state.sd.us and margo.mcdowell@state.sd.us.
Proposers should send the e-mail using “Delivery Receipt” and “Read Receipt” options to verify successful
delivery.
Proposal Guidelines: Proposals must fulfill the requirements listed in the document entitled RESEARCH
PROPOSAL PREPARATION, SUBMISSION, AND EVALUATION and dated October 23, 2025.
Proposal Evaluation: Proposals will be evaluated by a technical panel knowledgeable in the problem area.
Selection will be made in consideration of criteria listed in RESEARCH PROPOSAL PREPARATION,
SUBMISSION, AND EVALUATION.
Project Management: Margo McDowell is responsible for the management of this project and can be
reached at margo.mcdowell@state.sd.us to answer inquiries.